EFEKTIVITAS PEMBERLAKUAN KEBIJAKAN MORATORIUM KAPAL EKS ASING DAN TRANSHIPMENT TERHADAP KINERJA USAHA PENANGKAPAN IKAN

Abstract

Penelitian untuk melihat efektivitas kebijakan moratorium kapal eks asing dan transhipment telah
dilakukan pada Bulan Maret 2015. Tujuan penulisan makalah ini yaitu untuk melihat pengaruh langsung
dari pemberlakuan kebijakan tersebut terhadap kinerja usaha perikanan. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di
tempat pendaratan ikan bagi kapal-kapal ikan yang terkena dampak, seperti di Bitung dan DKI Jakarta.
Metode pengambilan responden dilakukan secara terpilih, yaitu instansi terkait : pelabuhan perikanan,
pengawas perikanan, serta pelaku usaha. Pengambilan data terdiri dari data primer dan data sekunder.
Analisis data dilakukan secara tabulasi dan diolah menggunakan statistik sederhana untuk menjawab
tujuan penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan yang telah diimplementasikan dilihat dari
tujuan untuk mengurangi illegal fishing dianggap secara nyata cukup efektif. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan
menurunnya jumlah illegal fishing. Namun demikian, di sisi lainnya kebijakan tersebut dinilai tidak efektif
bagi peningkatan kinerja usaha penangkapan skala besar dan telah cukup efektif untuk meningkatkan
kinerja usaha penangkapan ikan skala kecil. Diharapkan keijakan ini akan diikuti oleh perbaikan
sistem monitoring yang baik dari pihak pemerintah agar pemberlauan kembali kapal transhipment tidak
digunakan untuk kegiatan illegal fishing, namun membangkitkan inerja usaha perikanan dari hulu ke hilir
yang berkembang di Indonesia.

Effectivity of Ex Foreign Ships Moratorium and Transhipment Policy
on Captured Fisheries Business Performance

This study is aimed at investigating the effectiveness of the moratorium and transhipment
policies. The investigation was conducted on March 2015 in several fish-landing sites which were
heavily affected by the two policies, such as Bitung and DKI Jakarta, through surveys to acquire both
primary and secondary data needed, with purposively chosen respondents. The data acquired were then
descriptively analyzed and tabulated, which resulted in the finding that the policies implemented thus far
had been very effective in suppressing illegal fishing. Despite their effectiveness, big fisheries business
owners in jakarta complained that the transhipment policy had caused them quite a big loss through
the effect of a hiking fishing cost as well as reducing catch. While the big fisheries business owners in
Bitung complained that both policies had caused them much bigger lost by reducing the supply of input.
But different stories were received by small scale fishers who felt that they had been getting more fish
than they usually had. Therefore, the moratorium policies need to be continued while the government
preparing to alter the transhipment policy – especially in the enhancement of the monitoring system – so
that the policies may suppress illegal fishing while creating a condition for growth of fishery businesses
from top to bottom in Indonesia.