ANALISIS PENYERAPAN TENAGA KERJA DAN PROGRAM LINK & MATCH PADA LULUSAN SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN (SMK) PROGRAM KELAUTAN & PERIKANAN

Abstract

Potensi perikanan di Indonesia sangat melimpah, namun keberadaannya tidak diimbangi dengan ketersediaan sumber daya manusia kelautan dan perikanan (SDM KP) yang cukup dan berkualitas. Kondisi itu menjadi tantangan bagi pemerintah, yang mencanangkan agenda poros maritim dunia sejak 2014 sebagaimana tertuang dalam RPJMN 2020—2024. Untuk itu, pengoptimalan potensi k e l a u t a n d a n p e r i k a n a n perlu dilakukan dengan menciptakan SDM di seluruh tingkat pendidikan, terutama SMKKP, yang nantinya berperan sebagai penggerak sektor ini. Selain ketidaksesuaian antara supply dan demand tenaga kerja, permasalahan lain dari lulusan SMK KP adalah educational mismatch di dunia kerja. Artikel ini melaporkan analisis kondisi ketenagakerjaan lulusanSMK, dipetakan potensi KP dan penyerapan tenaga kerja di tingkat lokal, serta dikaji permasalahan educational mismatch. Analisis dilakukan secara kuantitatif dengan menggunakan clustering parallel threshold analysis, yang menghasilkan elastisitas penyerapan tenaga kerja (EPTK). Hasil clustering menunjukkan bahwa beberapa wilayah, seperti NTT, Maluku, dan beberapa provinsi di Sulawesi memiliki kondisi potensi kelautan dan perikanan yang tinggi, tetapi EPTK rendah sehingga pemerintah daerah perlu meningkatkan supply tenaga kerja agar dapat mengoptimallkan potensi KP. Adapun wilayah di Kalimantan Tengah, Kalimantan Utara, Maluku Utara, dan Papua Barat memiliki potensi KP yang rendah, tetapi EPTK tinggi sehingga mengalami oversupply tenaga kerja. Pemerintah lokal perlu mengupayakan diversifikasi pekerjaan agar penyerapan tenaga kerja bisa meningkatkan produktivitas perikanan di tingkat lokal. Tingkat educational mismatch lulusan SMK KP yang mencapai 96,24% perlu diatasi melalui program link and match yang fokus pada tujuan pasar sehingga SMK dapat mencetak lulusan yang keterampilan dan kualitasnya sesuai dengan kriteria dunia usaha dan industri.

Title: Analysis of Labor Absorption and Link & Match Program in Vocational School Graduates of Marine & Fisheries Program

The potential of fisheries in Indonesia is greatly abundant, but its existence is not adequate with the availability and quality of the marine and fisheries human resources. This condition is a challenge for the government, which has launched the world maritime axis agenda since 2014 as stated in the National Medium-Term Development Plan for 2020-2024. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the potential of marine and fisheries by creating human resources at all levels of education, especially marine and fisheries vocational school or SMK KP, which will later act as a driving force for the fisheries sector. In addition to the mismatch between supply and demand for labor, another problem for SMK KP graduates is the educational mismatch at work. This article reports an analysis of the employment conditions of the vocational school graduates, mapped the potential of marine and fisheries sector, and employment at the local level, and examined educational mismatch issues. The analysis was carried out quantitatively using clustering parallel threshold analysis, which resulted in the elasticity of employment absorption (EPTK). The clustering results show that several regions, such as NTT, Maluku, and several provinces in Sulawesi have high marine and fishery potential conditions but have low EPTK, therefore, the local governments need to increase the supply of labor in order to optimize the potential of marine and fisheries. The areas in Central Kalimantan, North Kalimantan, North Maluku, and West Papua have low marine and fisheries potential but have high EPTK, resulting in an oversupply of labor. Local governments need to seek job diversification so that employment can increase fishery productivity at the local level. The educational mismatch level of graduates of marine and fisheries vocational school, which reaches 96.24%, needs to be overcome through a link and match program that focuses on market objectives so that vocational school can produce graduates whose skills and quality are in accordance with the criteria required by the business world and industry.