Peran Negara Pelabuhan Berdasarkan Hukum Internasional dan Implementasinya di Indonesia

Akhmad Solihin; . Darmawan; Mohammad Fedi Alfiadi Sondita; Ari Purbayanto

doi:10.15578/jksekp.v12i2.11145

Peran Negara Pelabuhan Berdasarkan Hukum Internasional dan Implementasinya di Indonesia

Akhmad Solihin, . Darmawan, Mohammad Fedi Alfiadi Sondita, Ari Purbayanto

Abstract

Indonesia telah meratifikasi kesepakatan Agreement on Port State Measure to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing 2009 (PSMA 2009) pada tahun 2016. Kesepakatan internasional tersebut mewajibkan Indonesia untuk melakukan pengawasan dan penegakan hukum di pelabuhan-pelabuhan perikanan nasional. Kesiapan Indonesia sangat penting untuk dapat melaksanakan kewajiban yang tercantum dalam kesepakatan tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) mengidentifikasi kewajiban-kewajiban yang dimuat dalam PSMA 2009 dan (2) memetakan pemenuhan kewajiban Indonesia yang dimuat dalam peraturan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis yuridis normatif dan yuridis komparatif. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa terdapat tujuh hal utama yang harus menjadi perhatian Indonesia, yaitu kewajiban penegakan hukum, kewajiban memperhatikan hukum internasional lain, kewajiban tukar informasi, kewajiban pelaksanaan pengelolaan konservasi dari organisasi pengelola perikanan regional, kewajiban penetapan pelabuhan perikanan, kewajiban kapasitas sumber daya untuk pemeriksaan dan pelatihan, dan kewajiban pemeriksaan. Salah satu kewajiban yang belum terpenuhi adalah kapasitas sumber daya manusia. Kewajiban lainnya sudah dimuat dalam Peraturan Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan (Permen KP) Nomor 39/Permen-KP/2019 tentang tentang Pelaksanaan Ketentuan Negara Pelabuhan Untuk Mencegah, Menghalangi, dan Memberantas Penangkapan Ikan secara Ilegal, Tidak Dilaporkan, dan Tidak Diatur serta Keputusan Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan (Kepmen KP) Nomor 52/Kepmen-KP/2020 tentang Pelabuhan Tempat Pelaksanaan Ketentuan Negara Pelabuhan untuk Mencegah, Menghalangi, dan Memberantas Penangkapan Ikan secara Ilegal, Tidak Dilaporkan, dan Tidak Diatur.

Title: Port State Role Based on International Law and its Implementation in Indonesia

Indonesia has ratified the Agreement on Port State Measures to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing 2009 (PSMA 2009) in 2016. The international agreement requires Indonesia to carry out surveillance and law enforcement at national fishing ports. Indonesia’s readiness is crucial to carry out the obligations contained in the agreement. The aims of this study are (1) to identify the obligations contained in the 2009 PSMA; and (2) to map the fulfillment of Indonesia’s obligations contained in the regulations. This research uses normative juridical and comparative juridical analysis methods. The results of this study reveal that there are seven main concerns of Indonesia, e.g. obligations to enforce the law, obligations to pay attention to other international laws, obligations to exchange information, obligations to implement conservation management from regional fisheries management organizations, obligations to determine fishing ports, obligations for human resource capacity for inspection and training, and inspection obligations. One of the obligations that has not been fulfilled is the capacity of human resources. Other obligations have been contained in the Regulation of the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries (Permen KP) Number 39/Permen-KP/2019 concerning the Implementation of Port State Provisions to Prevent, Deters, and Elliminate Illegal, Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing and Decree of the Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of Number 52/Kepmen-KP/2020 on the designation of Ports for the Implementation of Port State to Prevent, Deter and Eliminate Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated Fishing.

Keywords

IUU fishing; kesiapan regulasi Indonesia; pelabuhan perikanan; PSMA 2009

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/jksekp.v12i2.11145

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