KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH DAN ADAPTASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PENANGGULANGAN DAMPAK BANJIR TERHADAP USAHA BUDIDAYA IKAN DI TAMBAK

Abstract

Penelitian bertujuan memberikan gambaran mengenai strategi mitigasi yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah serta strategi adaptasi masyarakat dalam menghadapi dan menanggulangi dampak banjir. Penelitian dilakukan di wilayah pantai utara Jawa Barat Kabupaten Subang dan Kabupaten Karawang. Jenis data yang diambil adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diambil melalui teknik wawancara mendalam dan observasi dengan pelaku usaha budidaya ikan di tambak, sementara data sekunder diambil melalui wawancara dan kaji literatur terhadap dokumen Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Nasional dan data perikanan Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan. Data dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan mengaitkan satu fenomena dengan fenomena lainnya berdasarkan analisis logik. Hasil analisis kemudian dijadikan bahan untuk merumuskan rekomendasi penanggulangan dampak banjir. Upaya pemerintah dalam melakukan mitigasi bencana banjir adalah dengan mengeluarkan UU No.24/ 2007,
PP No. 21/2008, PP No.22/2008, PP No. 23/2008, dan Permen KP No.12/2014. Beberapa hal yang perlu diatur lebih lanjut adalah sumber pendanaan harus dialokasi secara khusus di dalam pos anggaran
kementerian agar tidak mengganggu pos anggaran lainnya serta tata kelola tentang penanggulangan bencana alam di sektor kelautan dan perikanan seharusnya bersifat menyeluruh dan berjenjang dari
mulai tingkat pusat hingga ke daerah yang melibatkan secara bersama seluruh elemen pemerintah dan masyarakat, terutama di tingkat daerah. Pada tataran masyarakat, jaringan sosial merupakan bentuk adaptasi pembudidaya ikan dalam menanggulangi dampak banjir. Jaringan sosial tersebut bisa menjamin sumber modal, sumber tenaga kerja, dan sumber iptek. Intervensi lebih lanjut dibutuhkan dalam penanggulangan tanggap darurat dan rehabilitasi sarana produksi, karena relasi yang sekarang
terbentuk belum menyentuh kedua aspek ini.

Title: Goverment Policy and Society Adaptation in Order to Overcome
Flood Impact of Bussiness on Fish Farming in Pond

The study aimed to provide an overview of mitigation strategies undertaken by the government and also community adaptation strategies to cope with flooding disaster. The study was conducted in the northern coast of West Java Subang and Karawang District. Primary data were collected using in-depth interviewed and observation techniques with pond farmer actors, while secondary data were collected from literature review of National Disaster Management Agency and fisheries data of Marine and Fisheries documents. Data were analyzed qualitatively by linking causalitic phenomena based on logical analysis. The results would be used to formulate recommendations of flood impact mitigation strategy. Government had issued Government Act No.24 / 2007, Presidential Act No.21/2008, Presidential Act No.22 / 2008, Presidential Act No.23/2008, and Ministrial Act of Marine and Fisheries No.12/2014 to mitigate flood disaster. Some details that should be further regulated were the funding source of mitigation budgetary should be allocated specifically in the ministrial budget so it would not disrupt other budget, and disaster management governance of marine and fisheries sectors should be comprehensive from local to national level that also included both government and community actors colaboratively involved. At the community level, social network played significant role as an adaptation strategy to cope with flooding disaster. It could secure sources of capital, labor, and also science and technology. However, further intervention was needed for emergency response and also rehabilitation of production
infrastructures, because of existing social network did not cope with those aspects.