SKRINING MARKA MHC-I DAN MHC-II PADA IKAN LELE AFRIKA (Clarias gariepinus) SEBAGAI GEN PENYANDI RESISTEN PENYAKIT Motile Aeromonas Septicaemia (MAS)

Abstract

Salah satu kendala yang dihadapi para pembudidaya ikan lele adalah serangan penyakit yang menyebabkan kematian massal sehingga mengakibatkan kerugian. Alternatif solusi yang dapat dilakukan adalah melakukan seleksi ikan lele tahan penyakit berbasis marka molekuler untuk memperoleh populasi unggul ikan lele. Seleksi dilakukan pada gen marka yang berkaitan dengan sistem imun yaitu MHC-I dan MHC-II. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan skrining marka MHC-I dan MHC-II pada ikan lele strain Mutiara, Paiton, Kenya, dan Sangkuriang yang merupakan koleksi di Balai Riset Pemuliaan Ikan (BRPI) Sukamandi. Jumlah sampel ikan pada tiap strain yang diambil untuk strain Mutiara, Paiton, Kenya, dan Sangkuriang masing-masing 14, 13, 3, dan 13 sampel. Analisis keberadaan marka MHC-I dan MHC-II dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Fisiologi dan Genetika BRPI Sukamandi. Skrining keberadaan marka MHC-I dan MHC-II dilakukan menggunakan metode PCR. Hasil menunjukkan persentase ikan yang positif membawa marka MHC-I adalah strain Mutiara 85,71%; strain Paiton 30,77%; strain Kenya 100%; dan strain Sangkuriang 92,31%; selanjutnya skrining ikan yang positif membawa marka MHC-II pada strain Mutiara menunjukkan persentase sebanyak 71,43%; strain Paiton 61,54%; strain Kenya 100%; dan pada strain Sangkuriang 0%. Dengan demikian dapat dikatakan bahwa ikan lele strain Mutiara, Paiton, dan Kenya adalah populasi yang potensial untuk menjadi kandidat dalam kegiatan seleksi ikan lele tahan penyakit berbasis marka molekuler MHC-I dan MHC-II.

One of the challenges faced by catfish farmers is disease outbreaks that can cause mass mortality resulting in significant economic losses. This study aimed to provide an alternative solution to overcome this issue by selecting disease-resistant catfish via molecular markers to obtain a catfish’s superior population. The selection was carried out on marker genes related to the immune system, namely MHC-I and MHC-II. This study screened the MHC-I and MHC-II markers on catfish strains of Mutiara, Paiton, Kenyan, and Sangkuriang, which were the collections of Balai Riset Pemuliaan Ikan (BRPI) Sukamandi. The number of fish samples for Mutiara, Paiton, Kenyan, and Sangkuriang strains were 14, 13, 3, and 13 samples, respectively. Analysis of the presence of MHC-I and MHC-II markers was carried out at the Physiology and Genetics Laboratory of BRPI Sukamandi. Screening for the presence of MHC-I and MHC-II markers was carried out using the PCR method. The results showed that the percentages of positive fish carrying MHC-I marker were 85.71% for Mutiara strain, 30.77% for Paiton strain, 100% for Kenyan strain, and 92.31% for Sangkuriang strain. Furthermore, the percentages of positive screening of fish carrying MHC-II markers were 71.43% for Mutiara strains, 61.54% for Paiton strains, 100% for Kenyan strain, and 0% for Sangkuriang strain. This study’s findings suggest that the catfish strains of Mutiara, Paiton, and Kenyan are the potential populations to serve as the candidates in the selection of disease-resistant catfish based on molecular markers MHC-I and MHC-II.