Pengaruh Aktifitas Seafloor Fumaroles Terhadap Sebaran Suhu Permukaan dan Kondisi Lingkungan Perairan di Teluk Pria Laot, Pulau Weh

Wisnu Arya Gemilang, Ulung Jantama Wisha

Abstract

Aktifitas vulkanik bawah laut yang ada di kawasan perairan Pulau Weh ditunjukkan dalam bentuk fumaroles, solfatara, lahan panas, mata air panas, kolam lumpur panas dan alterasi sekitar lubang kepundah dasar laut dan pantai. Manifestasi hydrothermal berupa semburan gas vulkanik dan keluaran mata air panas bawah laut mendominasi pada perairan Pulau Weh, terutama pada Teluk Pria Laot. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap karakteristik Suhu Permukaan Laut (SPL) menggunakan pendekatan data citra satelit Aqua MODIS dapat memberikan gambaran pengaruh aktifitas mata air panas bawah laut terhadap SPL. SPL di sekitar lokasi keluaran airpanas bawah laut menunjukkan nilai tingggi dibandingkan sekitarnya. Rata-rata SPL pada musim barat 28,94°C, peralihan I 30,52°C, monsun Timur 30,06°C, dan pada musim peralihan II 27,93°C.  Musim timur hingga peralihan II memperlihatkan anomali rendahnya suhu sekitar keluaran mata airpanas dibandingkan dengan sekitarnya, yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor meningkatnya curah hujan dan fenomena Transpor Ekman. Fluktuasi SPL pada area sekitar aktifitas seafloor fumaroles mengikuti pola perubahan elevasi pasang-surut. Aktifitas seafloor fumaroles memberikan dampak perubahan karakteristik nilai salinitas, pH serta suhu sekitar Teluk, sehingga banyak biota laut yang tidak dapat hidup di sekitar fumaroles tersebut.

Keywords

Seafloor Fumaroles, suhu permukaan, lingkungan, Teluk Pria Laot, Pulau Weh

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/segara.v15i1.6776