Distribusi dan Kajian Dampak Radionuklida 137Cs di Pesisir Barat Pulau Sumatera

Murdahayu Makmur, Wahyu Retno Prihatiningsih, Mohamad Nur Yahya

Abstract

Penelitan mengenai distribusi radionuklida 137Cs pada sedimen dan air laut permukaan  dan kajian dampaknya terhadap biota telah dilakukan di perairan laut di sepanjang pesisir barat Pulau Sumatera, pada 2015. Sampel sedimen diambil menggunakan sedimen grab, dikeringkan, dihaluskan dan dihomogenkan. Sampel air laut permukaan sebanyak 80 liter diprekonsentrasi dan endapannya dikeringkan. Pengukuran dilakukan menggunakan spektrometri gamma baik untuk sedimen dan air laut. Hasil pengukuran aktivitas 137Cs pada sedimen berkisar dari 0,013 Bq/Kg sampai dengan 0,589 Bq/Kg dengan rerata 0,233 Bq/Kg (n=18) dan pada air laut permukaan dari 0,042 Bq/m3 sampai dengan 0,205 Bq/m3 dengan rerata sebesar 0,123 Bq/m3 (n=7). Aktivitas 137Cs pada sedimen dan air laut yang terukur sepanjang pesisir barat Pulau Sumatera mempunyai rentang konsentrasi aktivitas yang hampir sama dengan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan lokasi lainnya di Samudera India. Menggunakan program Erica Tool Tier 2, diketahui bahwa tidak ada dampak 137Cs terhadap biota pada lokasi penelitian, karena nilai rasio total dosis yang diterima oleh biota tersebut lebih kecil dari 1 dibandingkan dengan screening level Tier 2 sebesar 10 μGy/h.

Keywords

Kata Kunci: Distribusi, kajian dampak,137Cs, pesisir barat Sumatera

Full Text:

PDF

References

Agency for Toxic Substances & Disease Registry. (2004). Toxicological Profile for Cesium. Atlanta, Georgia: Toxicology Information Branch-ATSDR.

Baumgart, A., Jennerjahn, T., Mohtadi, M., & Hebbeln, D. (2010). Distribution and Burial of Organic Carbon in Sediments from the Indian Ocean Upwelling Region off Java and Sumatra, Indonesia. Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, 57(3), 458-467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2009.12.002

Brown, J.E., Alfonso, B., Avila, R., Beresford, N. A., Copplestone, D., Pröhl, G., et al. (2008). The ERICA Tool. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 99(9), 1371–1383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2008.01.008

Fuller, N., Smith, J.T., Nagorskaya, L.L., Gudkov, D. I., & Ford, A.T. (2017). Does Chernobyl-Derived Radiation Impact the Developmental Stability of Asellus aquaticus 30 years on? Science of the Total Environment, 576, 242–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.097

Gordon, A. L., Sprintall, J., Aken, H. M. van, Susanto, D., Wijffels, S., Molcard, R., fieldf, A.F., Pranowo, W., & Wirasantosa, S. (2010). The Indonesian throughflow during 2004-2006 as observed by the INSTANT program. Dynamic of Atmospheres and Oceans, 50, 115–128.

Higa, H.A.C., Atsushima, A.K.M., Akashima, S.A. N., Nda, Y.U.O., Sakaguchi, A., Kadokura, A., et al. (2012). Isotopic Determination of U, Pu and Cs in environmental waters following the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. Geochemical Journal, 46(4), 355–360. https://doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.2.0216

Jha, S.K., Gothankar, S.S., Sartandel, S., Pote, M. B., Hemalatha, P., Rajan, M.P., et al. (2012). Spatial distribution of fallout 137Cs in the coastal marine environment of India. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 113, 71-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2012.04.018

Larsson, C.M. (2008). An overview of the ERICA Integrated Approach to the assessment and management of environmental risks from ionising contaminants. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 99(9), 1364–1370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2007.11.019

Lubis, E., Suseno, H., Prihatiningsih, W.R., & Mohamad Yahya, N. (2014). Dose Rate From Natural Radionuclides and 137Cs to the Biota Marine Of Bangka Sea. Journal of Waste Management Technology, 16(399).

Makmur, M. (2013). Analisis Plutonium di Sedimen Perairan Laut Bangka. In Y. R. Ahmad (Ed.), Prosiding Seminar Keselamatan Nuklir. pp. 32-37. Jakarta: BAPETEN Press.

Makmur, M. (2014). Inventori Radionuklida Plutonium dan Americium di Sedimen Pesisir Laut Gresik. Jurnal Teknologi Pengelolaan Limbah, 17(1), 55–61.

Makmur, M., & Herlambang, M. (2015). Sebaran Aktivitas 239, 240 Pu di Sedimen Perairan Arus Lintas Indonesia (ARLINDO) Jalur Sekunder. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Teknologi Lingkungan XII, (September).

Muslim., Suseno, H., & Rafsani, F. (2015). Distribution of 137Cs Radionuclide in Industrial Wastes Effluents of Gresik , East Java , Indonesia. Atom Indonesia, 41(1), 47–50.

Patiris, D.L., Tsabaris, C., Anagnostou, C.L., Androulakaki, E.G., Pappa, F.K., Eleftheriou, G., & Al, E. (2016). Activity concentration and spatial distribution of radionuclides in marine sediments close to the estuary of Shatt al-Arab/Arvand Rud River, the Gulf. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 157, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2016.02.025

Povinec, P.P., Aarkrog, A., Buesseler, K.O., Delfanti, R., Hirose, K., Hoon, G., et al. (2005). 90Sr, 137Cs and 239,240Pu concentration surface water time series in the Pacific and Indian Oceans - WOMARS results. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 81(1), 63–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2004.12.003

Qu, T., Song, Y.T., & Yamagata, T. (2009). An introduction to the South China Sea throughflow: Its dynamics, variability, and application for climate. Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans, 47(1–3), 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2008.05.001

Sartandel, S.J., Jha, S.K., & Tripathi, R.M. (2015). Latitudinal variation and residence time of 137Cs in Indian coastal environment. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 100(1), 489–494. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.09.007

Suseno, H., Makmur, M., & Yahya, M.N. (2017). Present Status of Marine Radioecology in Jakarta Bay. Atom Indonesia, 44(2), 1–5.

Suseno, H., & Prihatiningsih, W.R. (2014). Monitoring 137Cs and 134Cs at marine coasts in Indonesia between 2011 and 2013. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 88(1–2), 319–324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.08.024

Suseno, H., Wahono, I.B., & Muslim. (2015). Radiocesium monitoring in Indonesian waters of the Indian Ocean after the Fukushima nuclear accident. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 97(1–2), 539–543. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.05.015

Suseno, H., Wahono, I.B., Muslim, M., & Yahya, M.N. (2017). Status of 137Cs concentrations in sea water at the inlets of the Indonesian Through Flow (ITF). Regional Studies in Marine Science, 10, 81–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2016.12.008

Vives i Batlle, J., Beresford, N.A., Beaugelin-Seiller, K., Bezhenar, R., Brown, J., Cheng, J.J., et al. (2016). Inter-comparison of dynamic models for radionuclide transfer to marine biota in a Fukushima accident scenario. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 153, 31–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.12.006

Vives i Battle, J. (2016). Dynamic modelling of radionuclide uptake by marine biota : application to the Fukushima nuclear power plant accident. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 151, 502–511.

Vives i Battle, J., Aono, T., Brown, J. E., Hosseini, A., Garnier-laplace, J., Sazykina, T., et al. (2014). The impact of the Fukushima nuclear accident on marine biota : Retrospective assessment of the fi rst year and perspectives. Science of the Total Environment, 487, 143–153.

Yamada, M., Zheng, J., & Wang, Z. (2006). 137Cs , 239+240Pu and 240Pu/239Pu atom ratios in the surface waters of the western North Pacific Ocean, eastern Indian Ocean and their adjacent seas. Science of the Total Environment, 366, 242–252. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.08.014

Ye, S., Zhang, L., & Feng, H. (2017). Marine ecological risk assessment methods for radiation accidents. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 180, 65–76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.09.024

Yu, W., He, J., Lin, W., Li, Y., Men, W., Wang, F., & Al, E. (2015). Distribution and risk assessment of radionuclides released by Fukushima nuclear accident at the Northwest Pacific. Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 142, 54–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.01.005

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15578/segara.v16i1.7694